James Barry

We All Play Slots. Every. Single. Day.

If you ask 10 Americans if they’ve gambled in the past year, 6 of them will say yes.

Gambling is a vice of choice for many, and for good reason. It’s designed to be addictive.

This is in part due to a concept discovered by B.F. Skinner known as a variable schedule of rewards or “variable ratio scheduling”. Skinner conducted tests in the 1950s that concluded: If you build a system which produces a positive result after a random number of responses, you condition the user to respond at a rapid and steady rate.

Skinner learned this by running tests on rats. They were kept in a cage with a lever which delivered food when pressed. When the food was provided at random intervals, the rats would press the lever madly until a reward was received.

Slot machines in casinos replicate this experiment. Gamblers sit in front of the machines for hours, feeding in coins and repeatedly pulling the lever. Slots came way before Skinner’s breakthrough. He made his discovery in 1950s, while the first slot machines had already been invented in 1891.

In gambling, you give up money in exchange for a chance at winning more money. The gamblers behavior follows this equation:

  • Money * Random Chance = Random Amount of Money

For the rats, they gave up their time to pull the lever in exchange for a chance at receiving food. The rats behavior follows this equation:

  • Lever Pull * Random Chance = Food (Sometimes)

The two above behavior systems mirror a similar behavior most of us engage in daily: Looking at our phones.

We give up our time, attention, and focus in exchange for a chance to get a small hit of dopamine. The dopamine may come from checking email, scrolling social media, or playing a game. Most of our daily behavior follows the below equation:

  • Check Phone App * Random Chance = Dopamine (sometimes)

In all of the variable reward systems above, you can increase the response rate in two ways:

  1. Lowering the amount of friction required to respond
  2. Reducing the # of responses required before getting a positive result

This makes our phone the strongest variable reward systems in existence. We always have it with us. Checking our notifications is as simple as looking at the screen, and the developers of the apps control how often we get positive results. (Which they optimize to make us spend more time on their apps).

For me, I’ve fallen into this trap more times than I would like to admit.

I’ve done it in the past with social media and I do it daily by checking my work email.

If an outcome of any daily habit is random, be wary of it. It can be just as addicting as playing slots.

Four Reasons Why I Began Writing

Writing did not become a sudden passion or hobby of mine.

In fact, I never enjoyed writing when I was growing up, nor is it something I describe as a “passion”.

What writing is to me is a tool. I began writing because I saw it as a way to help myself improve.

An avenue to share my ideas with others, to have those ideas challenged, and to improve myself through feedback.

I love writing because it helps me build confidence, discover who I truly am, learn faster, and allows me to share ideas.

1. Confidence

Few things have had as large of an impact on my confidence and outlook as writing for one reason: Consistency.

The ability to be consistent, and gain compounding returns on your work, is the most powerful tool we have as humans.

I didn’t realize that I was truly capable of being consistent until I started writing.

As I saw the progress pile up, and my article list lengthen, I knew that I had the ability to accomplish any task I set my mind to.

That discovery is an incredibly powerful feeling, because you realize that anything is possible.

2. Self Discovery

We all have many versions of ourselves.

The person who we are when we’re with our the family.

The person we are when we spend time in friends.

The person that we bring to work every day.

And finally, the person that we are when we’re alone.

The thoughts and ideas you share with one group may not be the same. But they should be.

To align your thoughts, you need to discover who you truly are which can be a tough process. One of the best ways to do it though is to constantly put yourself out there.

Publish your ideas for everyone to see. When you do that, you can only be one person – Your true self.

3. Learning

Writing is a critical skill to learn and master for anyone who values communication, which in my opinion should be everybody.

The best way to learn anything is by creating a short feedback cycle.

Think about learning a basic skill like juggling. When you make a mistake, you drop a ball and immediately know what you did wrong.

The same goes with writing, but to get that feedback loop you can’t write in a vacuum.

You need to write out in the open. Publish your thoughts. Listen to people praise you. Critique you. Or most likely, ignore you.

Receiving feedback is the absolutely best way to improve.

4. Sharing

One of the greatest things about being human is our ability to share ideas.

At our current point in the history of the world, there are more ideas out there than any of us could ever consume.

So instead of coming up with completely new ideas (because that is next to impossible), the focus instead is around curating what is already out there.

Drawing lines between dots that people haven’t seen before.

Using a new method to express and old concept.

Sharing your own progress and your journey, so you can encourage and educate others.

The best thing about sharing ideas, is that people will reach back out and share their own.

If anything I wrote here resonates, let me know!

A Perspective on Perspective

One of my good friends was recently throwing himself a “pity party” (his own words).

Here’s the situation he was in:

  1. Working long hours. Easily 80+.
  2. Had only taken 5 days off in the past 2 years.
  3. Tried to ask for more. His company told him he was out of line.

Unsurprisingly, he works in finance. 

As somebody who previously started their career in finance, I know that the above is what is expected.

You get a large paycheck, but in turn you sacrifice ALL of your free time. It’s a career path that I specifically left because I was not willing to make that sacrifice (among other reasons).

Just because finance was not a fit for me though, doesn’t mean it’s a bad path to take. Overall he enjoys what he does, just not the long hours. Having been there myself, I had one piece of advice for him:

“You’ll never regret working hard, except if you miss an important life event.”

Thinking through this caused me to revisit an article I read a while back: Top five regrets in life.:

In summary, the top five regrets that people have when they die:

  1. I wish I had the courage to live a life true to myself, not a life others expected of me.
  2. I wish I hadn’t worked so hard.
  3. I wish I’d had the courage to express my feelings
  4. I wish I had stayed in touch with my friends
  5. I wish that I had let myself be happier

Many of us are running towards, or away, from something in life.

It’s difficult to know whether you are on the right path in life.

We are not alone though, and there are many who came before us.

We can learn from their experiences, and hopefully avoid the same mistakes they did.

Life is long and it will change over time. Just keep it all in perspective.

My Personal Theory On Vices

Like most people, I’ve had some major vices in my life.

They are pretty common ones. Video games. Weed (aka Cannabis). Alcohol.

For the longest time I thought to myself, I’ll change this… tomorrow.

Tomorrow would turn into next week. 

Next week would turn into the next month, which would turn into next year.

This dragged on and before I knew it I had spent a decade overindulging in vices.

I wasn’t going off the deep end or anything, but I knew there were imbalances in my life.

And it was making me deeply unhappy. Which further caused me to use vices as an escape mechanism.

Only recently have I been able to change and it wasn’t through sheer force of will.

It was because I started this blog.

What Causes a Vice

I believe vices are caused by two things:

  1. A desire for small dopamine hits
  2. A desire to escape current reality

Shopping and social media provide dopamine, alcohol and drugs allow you to escape reality. Video games give you both.

Vices for many are a safe place that can help you forget your day-to-day worries.

Worries such as anxiety you feel about the future. Stress you take home from work.

Whatever might be bothering you that day.

This issue with vices though, is that they often create negative feedback cycles.

You avoid what might be bothering you, or you chase another small dopamine hit. None of these actions fix the long-term, underlying issue though.

It just pushes issues out of your mind temporarily. Whenever I fell into this cycle, I would always think to myself “I’ll give this up”.

That never worked though, and I only realized now why it was the wrong approach.

Why Giving Up Alone Won’t Work

It’s impossible to give up a vice through sheer willpower. That is because your willpower is limited.

For so long, I tried to get rid of my bad habits using the classic approach of sheer willpower.

I would make it a New Years Resolution to give something up.

I’d try and create social pacts with friends to quit.

None of it worked. That’s because there is only a finite amount of willpower.

Once it’s depleted and you’re having a bad day, the first thing you will go to is your vice

That is why instead of relying on willpower, you need to instead replace the vice with something else.

Find something to do instead on both your good days and your bad.

How To Identify A Replacement

Don’t follow your passion. Trying to follow a “passion” is like trying to get rich by buying lottery tickets. 

Instead, set goals to accomplish, ideally ones that you can only do by putting in the work every single day.

My two current goals?

  1. Write 52-articles in one year on this blog.
  2. Learn to code. The best approach is to code every single day. Ideally for at least one hour.

Here are the reasons why this works:

  1. This requires a daily commitment of time. Your hours in the day are limited, so you will have to give up something. If you have other responsibilities (like a job), that means that usually the first thing to go will be your vice.
  1. You will know at the end of each day if you are putting in the effort required to reach your goal. It creates an immediate feedback loop.
  1. It relies on an inherent motivation to get better. If you are trying to give up a vice you already have this motivation, focusing on a replacement activity just channels your time in a more effective way.

Hope this was helpful. It took me way too many years to figure out, but I’m glad I finally did.

3 Things I Wish I Had Done Earlier For My Workspace

Just over a year ago many people across the world suddenly found themselves working from home.

A few buckled in for the long haul. They set up their work from home offices planning to be there for a while.

Then… you have people like me. Who worked on a laptop at the kitchen table for longer than I’d like to admit.

6-months into the pandemic I realized that this wasn’t sustainable. It led me to take a few steps to improve my workspace.

Here are the three areas I wish I had upgraded earlier.

Technology

There are a lot of things that go into the technology you use each day, but here are the 5 main categories I think of:

The computer you are using.

This is arguably the most important piece of technology you have. It’s always been important to me, even pre-pandemic.

I’ve been using the same laptop for many years now. It’s a workhorse ThinkPad. Old reliable that is just sometimes a bit slower than I would like. I’ll probably continue using until it gives me a compelling enough reason not to (such as breaking or slowing to a crawl).

Monitor (or Monitors)

It took me 9-months to realize a monitor is important.

After a while, I realized that if I were going to continue staring at a screen for 10+ hours each day, I wanted a nice one that would not hurt my eyes.

I decided to get a 32-inch curved Samsung. It’s not cheap, but I absolutely love it and it’s large enough that I don’t need an additional monitor.

Webcam

It took me 6-months to realize a webcam is important.

This is one that I wish I had done WAY earlier. I actually believe that my low webcam quality (and lack of a front light) hurt me earlier one when I was interviewing.

Now I have a Razer Kiyo on top of my monitor. High quality and with a built in backlight, your face will always be lit up.

Mouse & Keyboard

I’ve been in love with a mechanical keyboard and nice mouse for a few years now, so this wasn’t new for me.

My Keyboard is the Razor Ornata Chroma Gaming Keyboard. While I don’t use it for any serious gaming, I do use it for a lot of serious typing! Plus the backlight makes the workspace just a bit more inviting.

My mouse is the Razor DeathAdder Elite. I actually had no say in this one because it was bought for me as a gift. However I love it. Definitely overkill for what I use it for, but having a matching keyboard and mouse is quite nice.

Audio Setup

It took me 6-months to realize an audio setup is important.

This is still one where I don’t think I have it figured it out. I got a pair of refurbished AirPod Pros and while they are definitely high quality, they aren’t as great as I thought they would be. A headset might be where my future takes me. (Or if I want to get REAL serious, a podcasting mic).

Your Background

It took me 12 months to figure out your background is important.

It’s amazing how much the background people see in video calls can play in people’s perception when they meet you.

I know it’s not possible for everyone (depending upon your work situation, where you live, or if you’re travelling), but for my main office, I wish I had tackled this sooner.

Mine now has multiple bookshelf’s in the back, pictures of my previous teams, and other general nick-nacks that I care about.

As an added benefit, the overall organization of my room and workspace has also dramatically improved.

The Desk & Chair

It took me 5 months to figure out a good chair is important… and 11 months to figure out a good desk is important.

This one also seems SO obvious… or at least it is to me in hindsight.

Getting a high quality chair that you actually enjoy sitting in for 8+ hours each day is lifechanging. It not only makes doing actual work more enjoyable, but it’s great for your back and long-term health / posture.

Add in a standing desk that you can raise up and down so you’re not sitting all day – Suddenly you’re in heaven! Work almost starts to become fun. If you want to go the extra mile here, you can also get a